This study first analyzes the export status of Chinese tilapia to RCEP member countries from five dimensions: total export value, total export volume, average export unit price, main export destinations, and export varieties. Then, it uses the extended trade gravity model to calculate the potential export volume of Chinese tilapia to RCEP member countries. By comparing it with the actual export volume, the export potential of Chinese tilapia to RCEP member countries is calculated and the reasons are analyzed. The results show that the export volume of Chinese tilapia to RCEP member countries is significantly correlated with China's per capita GDP, population proportion, geographical distance, China's average annual exchange rate, and the average annual exchange rate of trading countries. Based on advantages such as high average export unit price and duty-free policies, China shows huge export potential of tilapia to most RCEP member countries. Based on this, this article proposes development suggestions such as improving export quality, optimizing product structure, reducing costs, preventing exchange rate risks, and strengthening industrial docking.