对渔业非法捕捞准备行为进行法律规制对于提高渔政执法的质量和效率、确保行政处罚的合法性、适当性和公正性具有重要意义。本文从渔业非法捕捞准备行为概念入手，分析对其进行处罚的必要性。通过分析典型案例与执法案例得出非法捕捞准备行为处罚的现状，归纳总结渔业非法捕捞准备行为规制的四个问题：（1）规制渔业非法捕捞准备行为的法律条款不完善；（2）界定渔业非法捕捞行为准备阶段的依据不完善；（3）认定渔业非法捕捞准备行为的主客观标准不明确；（4）处罚渔业非法捕捞准备行为的裁量基准不统一。在此基础上，提出渔业非法捕捞准备行为规制的四个优化路径：（1）在《渔业法》中增加具体条款明确规制渔业非法捕捞准备行为；（2）结合主观意图形成时间推定渔业非法捕捞行为准备阶段；（3）确定综合性客观标准认定构成渔业非法捕捞准备行为；（4）借鉴刑法犯罪预备优化渔业非法捕捞行为的裁量基准。

Regulating preparatory acts of illegal fishing through legal means is crucial for enhancing fishery law enforcement, ensuring fair administrative penalties, and advancing law-based governance. This paper examines the concept and necessity of penalizing such acts, analyzing typical cases to identify current regulatory challenges. Key obstacles include vague legal provisions, unclear timeframes for determining preparatory stages, imprecise subjective/objective identification criteria, and inconsistent penalty benchmarks. Proposed solutions involve refining legal provisions, inferring preparatory stages from intent formation, establishing clear identification standards, and optimizing penalties by referencing criminal law precedents on preparatory crimes.