甲壳类（包括虾类和蟹类,下同）、贝类水产品是我国多元化食物供给体系的重要组成部分,也是优质动物蛋白的主要来源之一。为科学测算甲壳类、贝类水产品的可食用量,增强渔业统计数据的实用性,实现水产品带壳重量与可食用量之间的快速折算,全国水产技术推广总站、中国水产学会于2022年组织开展了甲壳类、贝类水产品出肉率及壳重率折算系数分析研究工作。本研究通过制定可行的技术路线,明确统一的定义、测量和测算方法,在不同地区采集不同规格、不同品种的甲壳类、贝类水产品称重测量,并运用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据处理,给出了列入《中国渔业统计年鉴》统计的所有甲壳类、贝类品种的出肉率、壳重率及折算系数等测算结果,分析了规格、性别、地域对出肉率差异的影响。结果显示,虾类平均出肉率为0.118~0.546,蟹类平均出肉率为0.305~0.680,贝类平均出肉率为0.232~0.732。只有不同规格的南美白对虾、克氏原螯虾出肉率有显著差异,而其他不同规格的虾、蟹品种出肉率无显著性差异。除蟳外,梭子蟹、青蟹、河蟹等品种的雌性和雄性出肉率有显著差异性,雌性出肉率普遍高于雄性出肉率。同时提出了甲壳类、贝类水产品可食用量的概念及统计方法,测算了我国2020年和2022年甲壳类、贝类水产品可食用量。本研究形成的结果和结论,可为政府部门制定有关政策和进行决策时提供参考,也可为有关单位分析研究我国居民膳食营养结构和动物蛋白实际摄入量提供参考。

Crustaceans (including shrimp and crab, hereinafter), mollusks are important components of China's diversified food supply system and a major source of high-quality animal protein. In order to scientifically calculate the edible portion of crustaceans and mollusks, enhance the practicality of fisheries statistical data, and achieve rapid conversion between shell weight and edible weight of aquatic products, the National Fisheries Extension Service and the Chinese Fisheries Society organized a study in 2022 on the conversion coefficients of meat yield and shell weight of crustaceans and mollusks. This study formulated feasible technical routes, clarified unified definitions, measurement, and calculation methods, conducted weighing and measurement of crustaceans and mollusks of different sizes and varieties in different regions, and used SPSS 22.0 software for data processing. The study provided calculation results of meat yield, shell weight, and conversion coefficients for all crustacean and mollusk species included in the China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook, analyzing the impact of size, gender, and region on meat yield differences. Results showed that average meat yield for shrimp ranged from 0.118 to 0.546, crabs ranged from 0.305 to 0.680, and mollusks ranged from 0.232 to 0.732. Significant differences in meat yield were found only among different sizes of Litopenaeus vannamei and Procambarus clarkii, while no significant differences were observed among different sizes of other shrimp and crab species. Additionally, besides Charybdis japonica, significant differences in meat yield between females and males were observed in species such as Portunus trituberculatus, Scylla paramamosain, and Eriocheir sinensis, with females generally having higher meat yields than males. The study also proposed concepts and statistical methods for edible portions of crustaceans and mollusks, and calculated the edible portions of crustaceans and mollusks in China for the years 2020 and 2022. The results and conclusions of this study can provide reference for government departments in formulating policies and making decisions, and can also serve as a reference for relevant units in analyzing the dietary nutrition structure and actual intake of animal protein by Chinese residents.