2021年1月国家正式实施长江流域重点水域十年禁渔政策,该计划实施可能会导致渔民失去其原有维持生计的自然资源,因此,保障提高渔民的生计情况已成为新的学术议题。通过对苏南地区沿岸村落的183名退捕渔民进行连续两年实地调研,引入DFID可持续生计框架从新视角分析渔民的生计资本构成,研究发现相较于全面退捕第一年各项指标均呈下降趋势,其中物质资本处于主导地位,社会资本相对较高,自然资本、金融资本和人力资本处于较低水平。为实现渔民可持续生计发展,需要解决渔民人力成本过低问题并做好转产转业安置工作,加强沟通交流构筑良好信任关系,建立数据库电子存档进行持续动态跟踪调查,提升退捕渔民安置保障水平。
Abstract
In January 2021, the country formally implemented a ten year fishing ban in the key waters of the Yangtze River, and the implementation of this program may lead to the loss of fishermen's natural resources that have sustained their livelihoods, so preventing the deterioration of the situation and safeguarding and improving the livelihoods of fishermen has become a new academic issue. Through a two consecutive years field study of 183 retired fishermen in coastal villages in southern Jiangsu Province, the DFID sustainable livelihood framework was introduced to analyze the composition of fishermen's livelihood capital from a new perspective. The study found that compared with the first year of the full-scale fishery withdrawal, all the indicators showed a decreasing trend, with physical capital in a dominant position, social capital relatively high, and natural capital, financial capital and human capital at a lower level. In order to realize the sustainable development of fishermen's livelihood, it is necessary to solve the problem of fishermen's low human cost and do a good job of resettlement, strengthen communication and exchange to build a good relationship of trust, set up a database and electronic archives to conduct continuous dynamic tracking surveys, and consolidate and improve the level of resettlement guarantee for retired fishermen.
关键词
长江十年禁渔 /
可持续生计 /
退捕渔民 /
生计资本
Key words
ten year fishing ban in the Yangtze River /
sustainable livelihoods /
retired fishermen /
livelihood capital /
DFID model
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基金
本文受农业农村部长江办软课题研究项目“长江水生生物保护社会公众参与机制研究”（D-8021-22-0132）资助; 感谢本文匿名审稿人的宝贵建议,文责作者自负
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