文章通过综合分析近年来印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）的捕捞数据和养护管理措施,探讨黄鳍金枪鱼目前的渔业现状,并为我国提出针对性发展策略。1950—2022年,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量总体呈上升趋势,2022年渔获量达40.7万吨,其中阿曼、欧盟和印度尼西亚总计占比约50%。线钓和围网是印度洋黄鳍金枪渔业中渔获量最高的两种作业方式,分别占总渔获量的38%和33%,其次是刺网和延绳钓。当前印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼已深陷于过度捕捞状态,尽管印度洋金枪鱼委员会（IOTC）已制定一系列养护管理措施,但实际效果并不理想,渔获量仍处历史高位。我国作为IOTC成员国,需采取积极措施,在养护黄鳍金枪鱼资源与促进远洋渔业发展之间寻求平衡,具体可从以下四个方面着手：提升延绳钓捕捞能力以实现精准捕捞、加强黄鳍金枪鱼的调查研究并积极参与制定捕捞配额、加强国际渔业谈判团队建设以争取更多话语权、提高国际渔业履约能力以应对国际要求。
Abstract
Based on the analysis of recent fishing data and conservation management measures for the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Indian Ocean, this paper discusses the current status of the fishery and proposes targeted development strategies for China. From 1950 to 2022, the catch of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean generally shows an upward trend, with the catch reaching 407,000 metric tons in 2022, approximately 50% of which was accounted for by Oman, the European Union, and Indonesia. Line and Purse seine are the two largest fishing gears in the yellowfin tuna fishery of the Indian Ocean, accounting for 38% and 33% of the total catch respectively, followed by gillnet and longline fishing gears. The current status of the yellowfin tuna is overfished and subject to overfishing. Despite the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) has implemented a series of conservation management measures, and their effectiveness has been less than ideal, with catches still at historic highest levels. As a member state of IOTC, China needs to take active measures to strike a balance between the conservation of yellowfin tuna stock and the promotion of distant-water fishing development, which can be carried out in the following four aspects: Enhance longline fishing capacity for precise catch, strengthen research on yellowfin tuna and participate in making catch quotas, enhance the construction of international fisheries negotiation teams to strive for greater influence, and the last one, improve compliance with international fisheries obligations to meet global demands.
关键词
黄鳍金枪鱼渔业 /
发展策略 /
印度洋 /
养护管理措施
Key words
yellowfin tuna fishery /
development strategy /
Indian Ocean /
conservation and management measures
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基金
本文受农业农村部远洋渔业管理技术支撑项目（21-0056）资助; 感谢本文匿名审稿人的宝贵建议,文责作者自负
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